Laboratory Diagnostics

If you need laboratory diagnostics, we will try to provide essential information about the main diagnostic methods, where and how to take blood and urine tests, PCR (DNA) testing for sexually transmitted diseases and infections, as well as other laboratory diagnostic tests.

Laboratory Tests and Diagnostic Methods

What laboratory tests and diagnostic methods may be prescribed?

There are general laboratory diagnostic methods for detecting bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa, and more. A properly chosen diagnostic method should lead to an accurate diagnosis.

The choice of diagnostic method is made by the doctor. However, it is helpful for patients to understand the advantages and disadvantages of the main laboratory diagnostic techniques.

How to Perform Diagnostics Correctly

Each laboratory diagnostic method provides the doctor with additional information that helps establish the most accurate diagnosis and prescribe treatment. The result of any test may include human or technical error, so it is advisable for the doctor to order confirmatory or additional tests when needed.

For example, when diagnosing infections, it is preferable not only to identify the pathogen (culture, DNA diagnostics) but also to assess the body’s response to infection (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay — ELISA).

A comprehensive diagnostic approach involves a reasonable set of tests determined individually by a gynecologist or venereologist for each patient.

Diagnostic Methods

The oldest laboratory diagnostic methods include various types of microscopy, commonly referred to as “flora smears.” In gynecology, microscopy is mainly used in public healthcare laboratories during routine preventive examinations and only occasionally in private clinics. If you have a choice, it is advisable to prefer more modern laboratory diagnostic methods.

Microbiological (bacteriological) cultures are among the most common diagnostic methods. In this case, biological material (urine, blood, vaginal swab) is collected and “cultured” in a nutrient medium. The growth of microorganisms helps identify the cause of infection. Additionally, cultures allow testing the sensitivity of microbes to bacteriophages and antibiotics.

The accuracy of diagnosis increases when using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). This method helps determine the stage of the infectious process (acute, exacerbation or reinfection, resolution, or past infection).

The most accurate and modern laboratory diagnostic method is DNA testing. Using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), a genetically unique fragment of microbial DNA is extracted from biological material. PCR is distinguished by its high accuracy and wide range of detectable microorganisms, including bacteria, protozoa, viruses, and fungi, including those causing major sexually transmitted infections.