Menstrual irregularities

Dysmenorrhea is pain and cramping in the lower abdomen that women experience during menstruation. These sensations may also spread to the lower back and legs. The pain can range from mild discomfort to a level that interferes with daily life.

Types of dysmenorrhea

1. Primary dysmenorrhea
This type is the most common. It occurs in teenagers after the onset of menstruation and is not associated with any underlying disease. The pain is caused by uterine contractions triggered by the release of prostaglandins.

2. Secondary dysmenorrhea
This type of pain is caused by underlying conditions of the pelvic organs, such as endometriosis, fibroids, or inflammatory processes. It usually appears in women over the age of 20–30.

Symptoms

• Pain and cramps in the lower abdomen
• Pain radiating to the lower back and legs
• Nausea and vomiting
• Fatigue and weakness
• Headaches or dizziness
• Diarrhea or constipation

Causes of dysmenorrhea

During menstruation, the uterus contracts to shed the endometrium. These contractions can sometimes cause pain, especially when prostaglandin levels are elevated in the body. If a woman has pelvic organ diseases, the pain may be more severe.

Treatment and prevention

To manage dysmenorrhea and reduce pain, the following methods can be used:

1. Medications

• Pain relievers (e.g., ibuprofen or paracetamol)
• Hormonal medications to regulate the menstrual cycle

2. Heat therapy

A heating pad applied to the abdominal area helps relax muscles and reduce pain.

3. Lifestyle changes

• Regular physical exercise
• Healthy diet and adequate water intake
• Stress management (e.g., yoga or meditation)

4. Medical consultation

In case of severe pain or suspicion of pelvic organ diseases, it is necessary to consult a gynecologist.

When should you see a doctor?

• If the pain interferes with normal daily life
• If painkillers do not help
• If there is suspicion of pelvic organ diseases
• If menstruation is too heavy or irregular

Dysmenorrhea is a common condition that can be managed with simple methods. However, it is important not to ignore severe pain and seek medical advice when necessary.

My interview about dysmenorrhea on TLC channel

Gynecologist Irina Ergül spoke on TLC about an important topic — dysmenorrhea (painful menstruation). If you experience this problem or want to learn more, be sure to watch the video!

How to find us

Dear women!

Dr. Irina Ergül sees patients in her new office. Appointments are available by prior booking only.

You can make an appointment by phone:
Doctor’s secretary: +90 212 442 66 30 and +90 506 886 18 86
Appointment via Telegram
Website: rusginekolog.com, where you can find detailed information

Address:
Bahçelievler mah., E-5 Yanyol No 14/B Metroport Busidence / Bahçelievler / Istanbul. Office No. 1009, 10th floor.

The doctor kindly asks for your understanding regarding possible delays in appointment times due to emergency situations, which often arise in obstetrics and gynecology.