Hysterosalpingography

Hysterosalpingography is a modern and informative radiological diagnostic method used to assess the condition of the uterine cavity and the patency of the fallopian tubes. This examination is widely used in gynecology, especially in the evaluation of infertility causes.

The method provides a clear understanding of the internal structure of the uterus and the functional state of the fallopian tubes, which plays a key role in pregnancy planning and treatment strategy.

Principle of the Procedure

The procedure involves the introduction of a contrast agent into the uterine cavity followed by X-ray imaging. The contrast evenly fills the uterus and passes through the fallopian tubes, allowing the doctor to assess their shape, patency, and possible abnormalities.

A series of images captures the distribution of the contrast, making it possible to detect even minor changes.

Indications

Hysterosalpingography is recommended when pathologies affecting reproductive function are suspected.

• Evaluation of the causes of female infertility
• Suspected fallopian tube obstruction
• Assessment of the shape and condition of the uterine cavity
• Detection of intrauterine formations, including polyps and adhesions
• Follow-up after surgical interventions on the uterus and tubes

Contraindications

Despite its high diagnostic value, the procedure has certain limitations.

• Pregnancy
• Acute inflammatory diseases of the pelvic organs
• Genital infections
• Allergic reactions to contrast agents
• Unexplained uterine bleeding

A preliminary assessment is обязательно performed to rule out contraindications.

Preparation for the Procedure

To ensure accurate results and safety, it is important to follow medical recommendations.

• Performing the examination in the first phase of the menstrual cycle (usually days 5–10)
• Avoiding sexual intercourse for several days before the procedure
• Testing for infections
• If necessary — taking antispasmodic medications

Proper preparation helps reduce risks and improve diagnostic accuracy.

How the Procedure Is Performed

Hysterosalpingography is performed on an outpatient basis and usually takes 15–30 minutes.

• The patient is positioned on a gynecological chair
• A thin catheter is inserted into the cervix
• A contrast agent is slowly introduced through the catheter
• A series of X-ray images is taken

During the procedure, mild pain similar to menstrual cramps may occur but usually passes quickly.

Evaluation of Results

After the procedure, the doctor analyzes the images and evaluates several important parameters.

• Shape and size of the uterine cavity
• Presence of deformities or abnormalities
• Patency of the fallopian tubes
• Signs of adhesions

The results help determine the exact cause of reproductive issues and guide further treatment or diagnostic steps.

After the Procedure and Possible Risks

After hysterosalpingography, mild temporary symptoms may occur.

• Lower abdominal discomfort
• Light spotting

In rare cases, complications may include:

• • Allergic reaction to the contrast agent
  • Inflammatory processes

• Infectious complications

Following medical recommendations and performing the procedure in a clinical setting minimizes risks.

Advantages of the Method

• High diagnostic accuracy
• Simultaneous assessment of the uterus and fallopian tubes
• Minimally invasive
• Quick procedure with a short recovery period

Hysterosalpingography remains one of the key diagnostic methods in reproductive medicine due to its effectiveness and accessibility.