What Is a Fibroid?

Uterine fibroids, also known as leiomyomas, are one of the most common gynecological conditions among women of reproductive age. It is a benign tumor that develops from the muscular tissue of the uterus.

Fibroids can be single or multiple and vary in size. They usually develop inside the uterus, but can also be located on its surface or even outside the organ. This condition may be symptomatic or asymptomatic, depending on the size and location of the tumor.

Fibroids can vary in size and may be located both inside and outside the uterus. In many women, fibroids do not cause symptoms and are discovered incidentally during a gynecological examination. However, in some women, fibroids can cause various problems such as menstrual irregularities, lower abdominal pain, painful menstruation, painful intercourse, and others.

Causes of Fibroids

The exact causes of fibroids are still unknown. However, it is believed that genetic factors may play a role in their development. If your mother or sister had fibroids, your risk of developing them is increased.

Estrogens are also considered important stimulators of fibroid growth. High levels of estrogen in the body may contribute to the development and growth of tumors. Therefore, fibroids are most often diagnosed during the reproductive years when estrogen levels are highest.

Symptoms of Fibroids

Some women with fibroids do not experience any symptoms and may not even be aware of the tumor. However, in others, symptoms can be significant and interfere with daily life.

Common symptoms include:

• Heavy and/or prolonged menstrual bleeding
• Irregular or extended menstrual cycle
• Painful menstruation
• Lower abdominal or pelvic pain
• Abdominal enlargement or feeling of heaviness

Diagnosis and Treatment of Fibroids

Fibroids are usually diagnosed during a gynecological examination through palpation of the uterus. To obtain more detailed information about the size and location of the tumor, the following methods may be used:

• Ultrasound (US)
• CT scan (computed tomography)
• MRI (magnetic resonance imaging)

Treatment depends on various factors such as the patient’s age, size and location of the tumor, presence of symptoms, and desire to preserve reproductive function. Treatment options may include:

• Observation and monitoring without treatment if symptoms are not significant
• Medications to reduce estrogen levels
• Medical therapy to relieve symptoms (pain, bleeding)
• Surgical removal (myomectomy or hysterectomy)

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