Trichomoniasis causes and treatment

Trichomoniasis is one of the most common diseases of the urogenital tract and ranks first among sexually transmitted infections. According to the World Health Organization, about 10% of the global population is affected. Around 170 million cases are recorded each year.

The importance of trichomoniasis lies not only in its prevalence but also in its potential complications, including infertility, pregnancy disorders, and health issues in newborns.

The pathogen was first described in 1863 by a French physician who identified it in vaginal discharge and named it Trichomonas vaginalis.

The causative agent

The pathogen is a single-celled mobile microorganism adapted to life in the human urogenital tract. It moves using flagella.

The optimal pH for its growth is 5.5–6.5, which explains increased activity during menstruation.

There are more than 50 types of trichomonads, but the urogenital type infects only humans.

Transmission

Trichomoniasis is mainly transmitted through sexual contact. Rarely, it may be transmitted during childbirth or via indirect contact.

The microorganism can survive up to 24 hours in moist environments.

Symptoms

Symptoms in women:

• vaginal discharge;
• itching and redness;
• pain during urination;
• pain during intercourse.

Symptoms in men:

• urethral discharge;
• burning during urination;
• symptoms of prostatitis.

Complications

In women, inflammation may occur. In men, prostatitis is the most common complication.

Trichomoniasis during pregnancy

It may increase the risk of preterm birth and low birth weight.

Treatment

Timely treatment significantly improves outcomes. Both partners should be treated to prevent reinfection.