Rh incompatibility during pregnancy

The Rh factor is one of the antigens found on the surface of red blood cells. People who have this protein are considered Rh positive, while those who do not are Rh negative.

Rh factor is especially important for Rh negative women. If Rh positive blood cells enter their bloodstream, the immune system treats them as foreign and produces antibodies. This leads to Rh incompatibility.

This condition may occur during blood transfusions or when an Rh negative mother carries an Rh positive fetus.

Risk of Rh incompatibility

If the mother is Rh negative and the father is Rh positive, the risk is about 75%. However, this is not a reason to avoid pregnancy. Proper prevention can reduce risks.

The risk of antibody formation increases after miscarriage, abortion, or childbirth, especially after cesarean section.

First pregnancy

During the first pregnancy, antibody production is usually low. However, the risk increases in subsequent pregnancies.

If antibodies are present

Maternal antibodies can cross the placenta and destroy fetal red blood cells, leading to jaundice and serious complications.

If antibody levels increase

This indicates the development of incompatibility and requires close medical monitoring.

Prevention

Rh factor is monitored during pregnancy. After delivery, immunoglobulin may be administered to the mother if needed.

• ectopic pregnancy
• abortion
• miscarriage
• blood transfusion
• placental complications
• trauma