Human Papillomavirus and Cervical Cancer

HPV (human papillomavirus) is a widespread virus transmitted through sexual contact. There are many different types of HPV, some of which can cause serious health problems, such as cervical cancer.

Cervical cancer is a type of cancer that affects the cervix. Some types of HPV can cause abnormal changes in cervical cells, increasing the risk of developing cancer. However, not every HPV infection leads to cervical cancer. In most cases, the body’s immune system naturally clears the virus, and no problems occur.

Regular check-ups and screening tests (Pap smear and HPV test) help detect cell changes caused by HPV at an early stage. When detected early, these changes are easily treatable, significantly reducing the risk of cervical cancer.

Colposcopy Method

If abnormal results are detected in a Pap smear or HPV test, the doctor may recommend an examination called colposcopy. Colposcopy is a method of detailed examination of the cervix using a special magnifying device (colposcope) and light.

Colposcopy is usually painless and takes a short time. However, in some cases, the doctor may take a small tissue sample (biopsy) from the area with abnormal changes. This analysis helps determine the severity of the cell changes and plays an important role in developing a treatment plan.

Regular examinations such as colposcopy increase the chances of detecting cervical cancer at an early stage.

HPV Vaccination

One of the most effective ways to prevent HPV infection is vaccination. The HPV vaccine protects not only against cervical cancer but also against other cancers caused by HPV.

For women:

• Vaginal cancer.
• Vulvar cancer (external genital organs).
• Anal cancer (relevant for both women and men).
• Oral cavity and throat cancer (oropharyngeal cancer).

For men:

• Penile cancer.
• Anal cancer.
• Oral cavity and throat cancer.

General protection: The HPV vaccine provides protection against virus types that cause the cancers listed above and also prevents genital warts. Vaccination is recommended for both women and men. The highest effectiveness is achieved when vaccination is done at an early age.

Who is recommended for vaccination:

• Girls and boys aged 9–14 (two doses are sufficient).
• People aged 15–45 (three doses).
• Patients diagnosed with HPV to help the body cope with the virus.
• Patients with mild cervical dysplasia as part of treatment.
• After surgery to remove moderate and severe dysplasia to reduce the risk of recurrence.

Important: Vaccination does not replace regular check-ups. Even after vaccination, it is necessary to regularly undergo screening (Pap smear and HPV test).

Thanks to preventive and diagnostic methods such as regular examinations, HPV testing, colposcopy, and vaccination, the risk of HPV-related cancer can be significantly reduced.

If you have any questions or concerns, please contact us.

We wish you good health!

To make an appointment and ask additional questions, please call +90 (212) 442-66-30, +90 (506) 886-18-86